Honing machine and method



.April 2l, 1942.

Filed April 25, 1939 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 H/S ATTORNEY April 21, 1942. R; H.CRAM@ 2.280.379

` HONING MACHINE AND METHD Filed `.m1-i125, 41959 4 sheets-sheet 2RAYMOND H @QA/45,12

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April 21, 1942. R. H. CRAMER 2,280,379

' HoNING MACHINE Aun METHOD Filed April 25, 1959 4 sheets-sheet s/NVE/VTOR; RA VNO/VD C/QAME/Q R. H. CRAMER HONING MACHINE AND METHOD kApril 21,1942.

Filed April 2S; 1959 4 rsheets-Sheet 4 )NVU/TOR; ,QA YMQND HCR/1ML@ l im0 Y 2 6. B 2. 2 f l 3 Z .4 T LOGWA@ n, IJ n am m 4 6 2 m., AOJ 2 m12ILM. .IM 2.. 4 n n lf/Vxm. 6 *2. LVI 1\\ l l j 2 88? L.

H/S ATTO/@vnf Patented pr. 21, 1942 2,280,379 noma momma Ann Ms'rnonRaymond H. Cramer, Newark, N. J., assignor to General MotorsCorporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Application April25, 1 939, Serial No. 270,548

19 Claims.

This invention relates to honing and comprises all of the features andaspects of novelty herein disclosed. An object of the invention is topro,-

vide an improved machine and method for honing a work surface especiallya curved surface of revolution. Another object is to provide a honingmachine which will produce a fine finish as by controlling successiveintervals of vdry and wet honing. Another object is to provide improvedmechanism for controlling advance or retraction of a hone with respectto the work surface as-for the purpose of avoiding marring of thesurface when the work and hone come into contact or separate.

To these ends and also to improve generally upon devices of thischaracter, the invention consists in the various matters hereinafterdescribed and claimed. In the drawings, o

Fig. 1 is a plan view. Fig. l:l is a front elevation of Fig. 1 withparts broken away and in section.`

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of Fig. 2 with parts broken aw-ay and insection.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal, sectional View of the hone andadjacent parts.

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view on 5-5 of Fig. 3. 1

Fig. 6 is a side view of a portion of a yoke.

Fig. 7 is a plan view of a hone casing.

Fig. 8 is an end View of Fig. "I withadditional parts in section. y

Fig. 9 is an end view of a hone holder.`

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the hone retracting cam members and theircooperating stop arms.

` Fig. 11 is a diagram.

Fig.,12 is a plan view of a modification. Fig. 13 is a front elevationof Fig. 12 with parts broken away and in section.

Fig. 14 is a side elevation oi Fig. l2 with parts broken away and insection.

Fig; 15 is -a horizontal sectional view on line IE--IS of Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a plan view of the stop'levers and associated parts. l' f Amotor driven belt It and pulley I8 rotate a the line vertical shaft 26which is journalled in ball bearings 22 and 24, the inner race rings ofthe bearings being spaced by a sleeve 26. `The outer race rings of thebearings are 'mounted in a housing 28 which is flanged at 3E to restagainst a supporting bracket 32m which thehousing is received. The outerrace ring of the upper bearing 22 rests against a supporting shoulder inthe housing whichl is held from rotation by a screw which is shown outof position in the vsectional 55 view. An lapertured cap 3i closes theupper end of the housing. The shaft 20 'projects through thel cap, andcarries a crank disc 38 `which is flanged to surround the cap. The crankdisc Cil head of a crank pin or eccentric stud 42. On the studisreceived a spacing washer 44, the inner race ring of a bearing 46 and aflanged clamping washer 43, all of these parts being clamped by a nutt0.

Surrounding the bearing 46 and supported by the outer race ring thereofis a housing 52 having a cap 54 and a tapped projection to receive thethreaded end of a connecting rod 5t. The other end of the rodisoppositely threaded ina similar projection on a housing 58 which isjournalled on -a ball bearing 60. The connecting rod thus will functionas a -turnbuckle The inner ,race ring of the bearing is clamped by awasher and a. nut against a collar on a stud t2 which is clamped in alug tt projecting from an oscillate yoke G6.

'I'he upper end oi the yoke has a hollow arm or boss 68 clamped to apivot stud it projecting held 'from rotation by a set screw 88 engagingl a ilat thereon..

From the foregoing, it is evident that the motor will effect driving ofthe `crank pin 42 and,

through the connecting `rod 56 oscillate the yoke 40 66 around an axisdefined by the upper ball bear-i ing 12 and the lower ball bearing 80which are in alignment. The yoke carries a spring loaded hone as willappear.

tion is adjusted by shifting the stud 42 in the slot 45 40 and theposition or eld of oscillation is ad- )usted by the rod 56. A large arcof oscillation is desirable.

At the central'portion of the yoke area pair of locating ribs Sli whichenter a groove in a c'asing or Acarrier 82 having a lug 94 fastened byscrews 86 threaded in the yoke. pass through' the yoke above its upperrib 90 and are threaded in the carrier.` The carrier hasa which opensinto the bore. Slidable in the bore has a radial -slot 40 undercut toreceive the square The amplitude of osci1la-' Other screws roundhorizontal bore Hit and a side recess |02 i shoulder formed by thebottom of the recess.

The spring is backed up a lug |52 on a plate I|8 fastened by screws in avertical groove H6 at. the rear of the carrier 92. The hone holder has arectangular opening I8 to receive a square hone |20 and a thin serratedclamp plate |22 which is engaged by a pair of clamping screws |28 whichproject for access into slots |36 of the carrier 92. The clamp plate |22is retained in theopening I8 by a retaining pin |38 entering a hole inthe holder |663. When the work surface is spherical. the front end |36of the hone |26 is curved on a segment of a ,sphere to conform to thework surface. A hone retracting pin |36 is press fitted in a hole nearthe rear end of the hone holder and projects upwardly through an openended slot |36 in the casing or carrier 92 and into a cam slot as willappear, such cam acting to retract the hone or to release the hone foradvance against the work by spring pressure.

-At the center of the casing or carrier 92 on the top thereof, and inalignmentl with its axis of oscillation, is a hole in which the lowerreduced end of`a shouldered pivot pin |58 is press tted. The enlargedportion of the pin freely enters a bushing |42' which is press-fitted inaligned holes in a pair of ca1ns=|43 and |66, the cams being located andsecured to one another by dowel pins |48 to form in effect a single cammember. A nut |50 threaded on the upper reduced end of the pivot pin IMengages a Washer |52 which bears on the enlarged portion of the pin tolet the carrier turn with respect to the cams whenever the cams arelocked against turning as will appear.

The above mentioned pin |36 projects into a' cam slot |64 in the lowercam |44, the cam slot having a uniform rise ending in an offset orholding portion. The cam body comprises a disc' with portions cut awayfor clearance purposes, thus leaving an arcuate portion |56 terminatingin a end pivoted to the forked end of a plunger |88. of a solenoid |96.The other end of the bar |80 is connected by a tension spring |66 to ananchor stud |98 on the bracket arm |86. The bell crank lever |60 extendsbetween a pair of spaced lugsY i206 projecting upwardly from the bracketarm |66 and provided with adjustable stop screws 262.

When the solenoid is energized, the stopping arm |`l| on the bell cranklever |18 is swung away from the lower cam it@ while the stopping arm|8| on the other cell crank lever |86 is swung stop shoulder |58followed by an arcuate portion |60 and astraight portion |62. The upperca m |46 is cut away to leave a long arcuate portion |64 terminating ina shoulder |66 facing in the opposite direction from the shoulder |68 ofthe lower cam and spaced from such shoulder. There is also a straightportion |68 leading away from the shoulder |66 and only this part of theupper cam overhangs the lower cam. Two bell crank stop levers cooperatealternately with the cam shoulders, as will appear, to limit turningmovement of the cams in one direction or the other. The carrieroscillates together with the pivot pin |40 which is pressed into it.These parts are free to turn with respect to the cams and the bushingwhich is pressed into the cams, but, unless the cams are locked orarrested from turning, the hone retracting pin |36 and its engagementwith the cam slot |54 causes the cams to oscillate whenever the carrieroscillates.

A bell crank stop lever |10 has an arm |1| arranged to cooperate withthe stop shoulder |68 of the lower cam |44 and pivoted on a shoulderedpin |12 adjustably clamped in an elongated slot in a bracket arm |14forming part of the bracket 32. One end of the-bell crank lever isforked and pivoted by a screw |16 to a link |18. Another bell crank stoplever |88 has an arm |8| arranged to cooperate with the stop shouldei'|66 of the upper cam I 46 and similarly pivoted on a shouldered pin |82adjustably clamped in an elontowards the upper cam |66. The arm |1| iscut away on its upper face to avoid the upper cam and the arm iiii iscut away on its lower face to avoid the lower cam. When the arm |1| thusswingsaway from the lower cam, the arm |8| swings in front of theshoulder |66 of the upper cam so that clockwise swinging of theconnected cams will be limited. Whenever the solenoid is cie-energized,the 'coil spring |96 swings the arm |8| away from the shoulder |66 onthe .upper' cam and swings the arm Ei towards the lower cam to lie inthe path of the shoulder |66 so that counterclockwise swinging of thecams Awill be limited, As will appear, this releases or retracts thehone.

The work W, herein shown as a bearing outer race ring with a sphericalraceway R to be honed, is mounted for rotation in a suitable chuck. Asuitable slide supporting the honing mechanism is then advanced parallelto the chuck axis to bring the hone carrier S2 into the work, the pivot|48 and the yoke pivots 16 and 82 lying in a vertical line passingthrough the center of curvature of the raceway while the horizontalcenter of the carrier lies at the level of the axis of the race ring.When the motor is started, the yoke 66 lis oscillated and this causesthe carrier and hone to oscillate. The hone at this time is away fromthe work, its retracting pin |36 lying in the oiset or outer end of thecam slot |54 and the spring |08 releasably holding it there. This causesthe cams to oscillate with the carrier. After the motor starts thesolenoid |134 is energized by closingla switch. This swings the stop armaway from the `lower cam |44 and swings the stop arm |8| in front of theshoulder |66 of the upper cam thereby temporarily limiting clockwiseswinging of the connected cams. The carrier 92 however v will completeits stroke and so will carry the hone operates dry for an interval ofsay ten seconds under control of a time switch T whereupon a valve V isopened as by a solenoid to squirt honing compound of well-knowncommercial comgated slot in a bracket arm |84 bolted to the 7.5

position from a pipe upon the work for an interval of say twentyseconds. The dry honing leaves vcross marks about at right angles to oneanother, as determined by moving the hone across the work atapproximately the speed with which the work surface moves across thehone, and then the compound squirted on the hone and its bondingmaterial changes the action into a sort `of burnishing action whichremoves the `marks and produces a high polish. After the wet honinginterval, the timing switch controls de-energizing of the solenoid. Thelcoil spring |88 then swings the stop arm |8| away from the shoulder |86and (swings the stop arm |1| inthe path of the -dium of serrations andclamping screws 214 which pass through slots in one of the levers.

Tlv' front end of each extension arm is slotted or forked as at 218toconform to its pin 256 or 258,

one arm being down in the path of its pin when the other arm is raised`above its pin. The rear end of lever 268 is forked and` pivoted'by ascrew stud 218 to the lower end of a link 288, the upper end of the linkbeing pivoted on a stud 282 which is urged upwardly by a coil spring284. The stud has a ball-headed portion 288 conforming to the arcuateedges` of a slot in a lever 288 pivoted centrally at 288 on the bracket228. This is to allow universal action toavoid cramping.

A solenoid 292 is supported on the upper portion of the bracket 228 andits plunger is pivotally connected to a link 284 which is also pivotedto a stud 298 having a ball headed portion 298 with thework is verydesirable because it avoids injury to the work `especially near theedge. The

advance of the .-hone or its retraction occur While the carrier is at anintermediateportion of its stroke.` When the pin |38 is retracted, thecams will thereafter resume oscillation with the carrier 82 in theoriginal field of oscillation. Although the carrier stroke and its fieldof oscillation can be adjusted, these normally remainconstant. The cammember normally oscillates with the carrier'but changes its angularrelation to the carrier and therefore its leld of oscillation wheneverone of the stop levers .is brought into action.

In Figs. l2 to 16, there is indicated a `modifica tion especiallyapplicable to thev honing4 of the arcuate raceway of an inner race ring.A bracket 228 has its upper and lower arms provided .with ball bearings222and 224 to provide pivotsfor c oscillation ofa yoke 226. Themechanism for engaging the arcuate edges of a second slot inthe lever288 at the end opposite to thev head 286. A link 388 similarto link 288is pivoted at its upper end to the stud 286 while its lower end ispivot'ed to the offset rearend ofthe levcr 268.

Assuming the work is rotated by the chuck and that the carrier 228 is`oscillated in its working `position with the hone retracted bythe pin268, `energizing of the solenoid 292 will swing the stop levers 288 and268 so that one is in the path of Bft the stop pin 258 to interruptclockwise swinging of the cam 252. Continued movement ofthe carriercarries the hone retracting pin 288 into the pin 256 and the cam intheir counterclockwise movement. Since the carrier completes its swing,the hone retracting pin is forced -outwardly in the cam slot andretractsthehone from the work. This retraction occurs at an instant whena large area of contact remains and damage that ably receiving a honeholder 232 which -is pror y vided with a lug 234 urged forwardly by 'acoil spring 236 abutting against `a stop plate 238. The holder has asquare opening `to receive a hone 248 which is clamped by a serratedplate 242 and screws 244 as in Fig. 4.

The front end ofthe hone is curved'at 248 to conform to the raceway ofan inner race ring 248 i 254 to the top of th carrier 228 and carriestwo stop pins 258 and 258 by means of which `oscillationfof the cam canbe arrested. This is for the purpose of producing relative angularmovement between the carrier and the cam in order to retract the hone orto release it. `A retracting pin 268 is secured to the hone holder 232and passes un through a slot in the carrier and into `a spiral cam slot262 in the cam. This pin normally `makes the cam oscillate with thecarrier but-the pin" is caused to move outwardly or inwardly in mightoccur by concentrated lpressure on a'small area is avoided.

I claim:

1. In a machinepf the character indicated, a

`around an axis, a hone shiftable with respect to the carrier, a pinprojecting from the hone, a cam pivotedupon the carrier and having a camslot engaging the pin, and a stop lever adapted to arrest the cam tocause movement of thepin in the cam slot as the carrier swings on itsaxis; substantially as described;

3.3In a machine of the character indicated,

a carrier, a cam pivoted to the carrier, an elongated hone slidableendwise in the carrier,l a

the cam slot whenever one of the stop pins 256 or 258 is arrested fromangular movement in one direction,` as will now be described.

Stop levers 266 and 288 are pivoted by vscrew studs'2'l8 to a bracketarm 212 on the bracket 228. Each lever has an4 extension arm which `canbe adjustably-secured to it through the mespring urging the honeendwise, operative connection between the hone and the cam', mechanismfor oscillating said parts `as a unit around an axis, and means operableduring a preliminary swinging movement of the carrier for arresting thecam to control endwise shifting movemen of the hone; substantially asdescribed.

4. In a. machine of the character indicated, a

carrier. mechanism for oscillating the carrier at high speed around anaxis; a hone movably cillation, 'means for supporting a workpiece forrotation on a different axis, means for urging the hone to shiftradially of said axis to engage the work, and mechanism operable duringsaid oscillation for retracting the hone against the pressure of saidurging means; substantially as described.

5. In a machine of the character indicated, a carrier, mechanism foroscillating the carrier around an axis, a hone movably mounted upon thecarrierand having a curved work engaging surface, and mechanism forcausing one ci the swinging movements of thecarrier in its oscillationaround said axis to control an advance or retreat of the hone in adirection radially of said axis; substantially as dcribe'd.

6. In a machine of the character indicated, a carrier, a cam pivoted tothe carrier, a hone shiftable endwise upon the carrier, a pin projectingfromthe hone and engaging the cam,

means for oscillating all of said parts around an axis, and means fortemporarily arresting the oscillation of the cam to control endwiseshifting of the hone; substantially as described.

7. In a machine of the character indicated, a work holder for rotating ahollow work piece on its axis, a hone holder entering the hollow workpiece and having a hone elongated radially of said axis and slidableradially against the work,

a yoke supporting the hone holder and having aligned pivots outside ofthe work piece, and means for oscillating the yoke at high speed aroundsaid pivots to effect abrading action thereby; substantially asdescribed.

8. In a-machine ofthe character indicated, a work holder adapted torotate a work piece around its axis, a' carrier having an axis adaptedto be placed at the center of curvature of a surface of revolution onthe work, an elongated hone shiftable radially of the carrier, a springfor urging the end of the hone to yieldingly engage-said surface, andmeans for oscillating the carrier and hone athigh speed around thecarrier axis to effect abrading action thereby; substantially asdescribed.

9. In a machine of the character indicated, a work holder adapted torotate a work piece having a curved surface of revolution, a hone havinga curved work engaging surface, means for oscillating the` hone at highspeed around an axis passing through the center of curvature of thecurved work surface so that such rapid oscillation will eilect honing,and means to-insure a shifting movement of the hone into or out ofcontact with the work surface at an intermediate portion of one of theoscillating strokes; substantially as described.

l0. In a machine of the character indicated, a work holder adapted torotate a work piece having a curved surface of revolution, an elongated,

to be placed at the center of curvature of a surface of revolution onthe work, a hone on the carrier, and means for oscillating the carrierand the hone around the carrier axis at a speed to ei'ect honing action,the speed of the hone across the worksurface being approximately equalto the speed of the work surface across the hone; substantially asdescribed.

i2. In a machine of the character indicated, a hone, mechanism foroscillating the hone at high speed in a dry condition along a worksuriace, means for urging the hone against the work surface, andmechanism operable after a predetermined interval oi dry honing forsupplying honing compound to the hone while said hone continues tooscillate and be urged againstthe work surface; substantially asdescribed.

i3. In a machine of the character indicated: a hone, mechanism foroscillating the hone along a work .surface at high speed, means forurging the hone against the work surface, and mechanism for supplyinghoning compound to the hone for a predetermined time interval to glazethe hone while it is oscillated and urged against the work surface:substantially as described.

'1a. In a machine of the character indicated, a hone, mechanism foroscillating the hone in a dry condition along a work surface for apredetermined time interval, means for urging` the hone against the worksurfaceQand mechanism for supplying honing 'compound to the hone ioranother predetermined time interval While the hone continues toosclllate and be urged4 against the work surface; substantially asdescribed.

l5. The method of finishing a work surface which consists in rotating awork piece on its axis, oscillating a hone in dry condition along thesurface at high speed while urging the hone against the surface, andthereafter supplying honing compound to the hone for wet honing whilesaid oscillation is continued with the hone still urged against thesurface; 'substantially as described.

16. In a' machine of the character indicated, a carrier having a pivotalmounting providing an axis of oscillation, the axis of oscillation beinglocated to pass through the center of curvature of a rotatingwork-piece, a hone slidably mounted on the carrier and elongated in adirection intersecting the axis of oscillation, means centered at theaxis of oscillation to control advance or retreat of the hone in thedirection of its elongation to `engage it with or retract it from thework, Iand means for oscillating the carrier at high speed for thepurpose of effecting abrading action. i l

17. In amachine of the 'character indicated, a carrier having an axis ofoscillation, an elongated hone shiftable lengthwise on the carrier in adirection intersecting the axis of oscillation to bring the end of thehone into or out of contact with a rotating work-piece, means tooscillate the carrier at high' speed to effect abrading action, andmeans responsive to preliminary swinging movement of the carrier aroundits axis of oscillation to control said lengthwiseshifting movement ofthe hone into or out of contact with the work-piece.

18. Ina machine of the character indicated, a carrier having a pivotalmounting providing an axis of oscillation, the axis of oscillaiton beinglocated to pass through the center of curvature of a transverse surfaceon a rotating work-piece, an elongated hone slidably mounted on thecarrier and shiftable in the direction of its length and radially ofsaid axis, a spring urging the hone in one direction to yieldinglyengage the rotating work-piece, means for oscillating thev carrier athigh speed while the work-piece 1otates thereby to effect abradingaction, a. im

normally oscillating With the carrier, and means for interruptingoscillation of the cam for controlling advance or retreat of the hone.

19. In a machine of the character indicated,

; a hone holder constructed and arranged to enter l0 a hollow work-piecewhich rotates on its axis, a hone elongated radially of said axisv andslidable in the holder radially against the work surface, a yoke havinga middle portion supporting the 'hone holder and having its end portionsoset and provided with aligned pivots on opposite sides

